Hebrew survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce and Jewish poetic literature. Aramaic and, to a lesser extent, Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among societal elites and immigrants. Hebrew ceased to be a regular spoken language sometime between 200 and 400 CE, declining in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Bar Kokhba revolt carried out against the Roman Empire by Jews living in Judaea. Mishnah Gittin 9:8 refers to the language as Ivrit, meaning Hebrew however, Mishnah Megillah refers to the language as Ashurit, meaning Assyrian, which is derived from the name of the alphabet used, in contrast to Ivrit, meaning the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. 'the language of Judah') or Səpaṯ Kəna'an ( transl. The language was not referred to by the name Hebrew in the Bible, but as Yehudit ( transl. 'the holy tongue' or 'the tongue holiness') since ancient times. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Lashon Hakodesh ( לָשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ, lit. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, around the time of the Babylonian captivity. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. It is also one of only two Northwest Semitic languages still in use, with the other being Aramaic. Hebrew is the only Canaanite language still spoken today, and serves as the only truly successful example of a dead language that has been revived.
It was largely preserved throughout history as the main liturgical language of Judaism (post- Second Temple) and Samaritanism. Historically, it is regarded as one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants: the Judeans and Samaritans.
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